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Blood Type Genetics and Compatibility

Baylor Scott & White Blood Center

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There are four main blood types: A, AB, B and O. AB positive is considered the universal recipient, and O negative is considered the universal donor.

Blood Type Frequency (U.S. population)

  • O Positive blood – 37%
  • O Negative blood  – 7%
  • A Positive blood  – 36%
  • A Negative blood – 6%
  • B Positive blood – 8%
  • B Negative blood – 2%
  • AB Positive blood – 3%
  • AB Negative blood​  – 1%

Blood Type Compatibility

Your ABO blood type is based on the presence or absence of the A and B antigens on your red blood cells. The A blood type has only the A antigen and the B blood type has only the B antigen. The AB blood type has both A and B antigens, and the O blood type has neither A nor B antigen.

By the time you are six months old, you naturally develop antibodies against the antigens your red blood cells lack. For instance, a person with A blood type will have anti-B antibodies, and a person with B blood type will have anti-A antibodies.  If you have type A blood, you cannot receive B blood because your body's anti-B antibodies will fight the B blood's B antigens. It is crucial we have all blood types available to our patients.




Blood Type		 Can receive
O- O+ B- B+ A- A+ AB- AB+
O- Yes              
O+ Yes Yes            
B- Yes   Yes          
B+ Yes Yes Yes Yes        
A- Yes       Yes      
A+ Yes Yes     Yes Yes    
AB- Yes   Yes   Yes   Yes  
AB+ Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

What's your blood type?

Don't know your blood type? Donate blood and call us 48-hours after your donation to find out.

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Blood Inheritance

ABO Blood Type

Everyone has an ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) and an Rh factor (positive or negative). Just like eye or hair color, our blood type is inherited from our parents.

Each biological parent donates one of two ABO genes to their child.  The A and B genes are dominant and the O gene is recessive. For example, if an O gene is paired with an A gene, the blood type will be A.

For instance, a parent with O blood with 2 O genes and a parent with A blood with 2 A genes will have an A blood type child with one A gene and one O gene. 

Parent Genes AA BB AB OO AO BO
AA AA AB AA, AB AO AA, AO AB, AO
BB AB BB AB, BB BO AB, BO BB, BO
AB AA, AB AB, BB AA, BB, AB AO, BO AA, AO, BO, AB BB, BO, AB, AO
OO AO BO AO, BO OO AO, OO BO, OO
AO AA, AO AB, BO AA, AB, AO, BO AO, OO AA, AO, OO AO, BO, AB, OO
BO AO, AB BB, BO AB, AO, BB, BO BO, OO AB, AO, BO, OO BB, BO, OO

 

  • AA = A blood type
  • AO = A blood type
  • BB = B blood type
  • BO = B blood type
  • OO = O blood type
  • AB = AB blood type

Rh Factor

The Rh factor is simply a protein that is found on the covering of the red blood cells. If your red blood cells have this protein, you are Rh positive. If your blood cells don't have this protein, you are Rh negative.

Just as everyone inherits ABO genes, every person inherits one Rh factor gene from each parent. The Rh-positive gene is the dominant gene when paired with an Rh-negative gene.

Parent Genes Negative / Negative Positive / Postive Negative / Positive
Negative / Negative Neg/Neg Neg/Pos Neg/Neg, Neg/Pos
Positive / Positive Neg/Pos Pos/Pos Neg/Pos, Pos/Pos
Negative / Positive Neg/Neg, Neg/Pos Neg/Pos, Pos/Pos Neg/Neg, Neg/Pos, Pos/Pos

 

  • Neg/Neg = Negative Rh factor
  • Neg/Pos = Postive Rh factor
  • Pos/Pos = Positive Rh factor
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