What is the MMR vaccine?

The MMR vaccine (measles-mumps-rubella) is a combined vaccine that helps protect against three highly infectious viral illnesses:

Measles: Measles (rubeola) is a viral infection that triggers fever, coughing, red eyes and a distinct rash. In severe cases, it can result in complications such as pneumonia, seizures or encephalitis, a dangerous inflammation of the brain. The virus spreads easily through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes and can remain active in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours.

Mumps: Mumps can cause headaches, muscle pain, fatigue and swelling in salivary glands. In some cases, it can lead to serious issues like encephalitis, hearing loss or other complications.

Rubella: Rubella, also called German measles, causes fever, a sore throat and a rash that begins on the face before spreading. If contracted during pregnancy, it can cause serious health problems for newborns.

What is the MMRV vaccine?

The MMRV vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella, but also adds an additional layer of protection from chickenpox (varicella). This vaccine is only available for children from 12 months to 12 years of age. Anyone older than 13 will receive the MMR vaccine.

Why is the MMR vaccine important?

The MMR vaccine is an important shield against three highly contagious viruses that can lead to serious health problems and even death. Measles spreads easily, with a single infected person able to pass it on to almost every unprotected person they interact with.

By receiving the MMR vaccine, you not only protect yourself from these viruses, but you also help protect people in your community who cannot receive vaccines, like babies or those with certain medical conditions.

Is the MMR vaccine safe?

The MMR vaccine has been available since 1971 and has been proven to be both safe and effective. Most people experience mild side effects, if any, and the benefits of vaccination and protection against measles, mumps and rubella outweigh the risks.

Young child smiling as a healthcare provider applies a bandage after receiving the MMR vaccine

Who should get the MMR vaccine?

The MMR vaccine is recommended for children, adults without immunity, healthcare workers, international travelers and those at higher risk during outbreaks. The MMR vaccine schedule outlines the timing and dosage based on your age, risk factors and vaccination history to ensure optimal protection.

Babies and young children

It is recommended that children receive two doses of the MMR vaccine.

  • The first dose should be given between 12 and 15 months old.
  • The second dose should be received between four and six years of age. Children can receive the second dose earlier as long as it is at least 28 days after the first dose.

Who should NOT get the MMR vaccine?

You should avoid or delay MMR vaccination if you have the following health conditions or medical histories:

  • You are pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the next month
  • Have a weakened immune system
  • Are moderately to severely ill
  • Recently received a blood transfusion or treatment with blood products
  • Have severe or life-threatening allergies to vaccine components
  • Have a family history of immune system disorders
  • Have a condition that causes easy bleeding or bruising
  • Contracted tuberculosis
  • Received another vaccine within the past month

Always consult your healthcare provider with questions or to receive further guidance on receiving the MMR vaccine.

Potential MMR vaccine side effects

You may experience some mild side effects from the MMR vaccine that do not require medical attention, such as:

  • Pain, bruising, redness or swelling at the injection site
  • Cough
  • Diarrhea
  • Feeling tired or fatigued
  • Fever of 100° F or less
  • Headache
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Swollen or painful lymph nodes

Uncommon side effects

Although uncommon, the MMR vaccine may lead to more significant side effects. If you experience any of these, reach out to your healthcare provider for medical attention:

  • Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), which can include a skin rash, itching, hives and the swelling of your face, lips or tongue
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Changes in hearing, vision or behavior
  • Difficulty walking
  • A rapid or irregular heartbeat
  • Fever over 100° F
  • Sensations of pain, tingling or numbness in hands or feet
  • Seizures
  • Unusual bleeding or bruising

MMR vaccine and autism

There is no evidence that the MMR vaccine is a cause of autism in children. Extensive scientific studies involving children worldwide who received the MMR vaccination confirm that the vaccine is safe and does not contribute to autism development.

The spread of misinformation has led to vaccine hesitancy, which can increase the risk of outbreaks. Vaccination remains the best way to protect against measles, mumps and rubella while ensuring public health.

How effective is the MMR vaccine in preventing measles, mumps and rubella?

The MMR vaccine has been proven to be effective with just two doses and provides lifelong protection.

One dose of the MMR vaccine is:

  • 93% effective in preventing measles
  • 78% effective in preventing mumps
  • 97% effective in preventing rubella

Two doses of the MMR vaccine are:

  • 97% effective in preventing measles
  • 88% effective in preventing mumps

Should you get vaccinated if exposed to measles, mumps and rubella?

If you've been exposed to measles, mumps or rubella, and are not currently vaccinated, you should contact your healthcare provider about receiving the MMR vaccine.

Receiving the MMR vaccine after exposure is safe and may help prevent the development of the virus. When given within 72 hours of measles exposure, the MMR vaccine can offer some protection or reduce the severity of the virus.

If you’re already vaccinated, you do not need another dose of the vaccine if exposed. The MMR vaccine provides long-lasting immunity for most people who completed the recommended vaccination schedule.

Where can I get MMR vaccine?

Reach out to your primary care provider or your child’s pediatrician if you have questions or are ready to schedule an appointment to receive the MMR vaccine. If you don't have a primary care doctor, find one near you.

Healthcare provider drawing MMR vaccine into a syringe

Frequently asked questions